Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease

Phenomenology of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Dyskinesia Rating Scales in Parkinson's Disease.- Epidemiology of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Risk Factors for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Pharmacological Treatment Options for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Surgical Options for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease.- Basal Ganglia Circuitry Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia.- Basal Ganglia Circuitry Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia.- Pharmacological Properties of Levodopa.- Dopamine Receptors and LID.- The Serotonergic System In Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- The Opioid System in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Glutamate Receptors and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Cannabinoids and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- The Role of the Noradrenergic System and its Receptors In Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Involvement of the Cholinergic System in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- New Clinical Trials for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Preclinical Models of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia.- Final Thoughts: Summary and Future Therapeutic Strategies in LID.

Dr Susan Fox is Associate Professor of Neurology at Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Canada. She has many years' experience in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease and translational studies of novel pharmacological therapies for Parkinson's disease and dyskinesia. She has expertise in the design and running of phase II and III clinical studies in movement disorders. She has received funding from NIH, CIHR, Parkinson Society Canada and Michael J Fox Foundation for research into PD. She has published over 120 peer reviewed papers, reviews and book chapters in the field and is a regular speaker at national and international conferences. Dr Fox is an active member of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS). She is current co-editor of the MDS website and chair of the MDS evidence based medicine committee on reviews of treatments for movement disorders.

Jonathan Brotchie, PhD, is Senior Scientist at the Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network (UHN). At UHN, he leads a research programme focused on the discovery and validation of novel therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease and the development of therapeutics based upon those targets. The particular expertise of his group and collaborators at UHN lies in transitioning development programmes from pre-clinical efficacy to Phase II proof-of-concept. Dr Brotchie is also Founder and a Director of Atuka Ltd, a CRO specialising in the provision of support for developing therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.