Report on the State of the European Union

1. Introduction. Once more unto the breaches (Jérôme Creel, Éloi Laurent and Jacques Le Cacheux).- Part I: Ideas and achievements.- 2. Ideas that made the euro (and those that did not make it) (Jacques Le Cacheux).- 3. The twenty first years: institutions, policy and performance (Jérôme Creel).- Part II: The Euro at 20.- 4. Single market and single currency: intended and unintended effects (Jacques Le Cacheux).- 5. Fiscal policy: a useful tool after all? (Jérôme Creel and Francesco Saraceno).- 6. Reforming the European Central Bank (Christophe Blot, Paul Hubert and Fabien Labondance).- 7. Real divergence: how to fix it? (Jacques Le Cacheux).- 8. The future of the euro area: the possible reforms (Jérôme Creel and Francesco Saraceno).- Part III Beyond the euro: The Futures of Europe.- 9. Mitigating the inequality crisis (Guillaume Allègre).- 10. A dynamic toward gender equality? Participation and employment in European Labour markets (Hélène Périvier and Grégory Verdugo).- 11. Building a consistent European climate-energy policy (Aurélien Saussay, Paul Malliet, Gissela Landa and Frédéric Reynès).- 12. Towards a well-being Europe (Éloi Laurent).- 13. A currency democratically shared among democracies (Maxime Parodi).- 14. Conclusion (Jérôme Creel, Éloi Laurent and Jacques Le Cacheux).

Jérôme Creel is Director of the Research Department at OFCE (Sciences Po Centre for Economic Research, Paris) and a professor at ESCP Europe.

Éloi Laurent is Senior Research Fellow at OFCE, Professor in the School of Management and Innovation at Sciences Po and Visiting Professor at Stanford University.

Jacques Le Cacheux is Professor of Economics at the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), and at the Ecole nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (ENPC ParisTech).