RSM: A Key to Optimize Machining: Multi-Response Optimization of CNC Turning with Al-7020 Alloy

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Chapter: 1.1 Machining: An Introduction:
Machining is a process in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size through a controlled material-removal activity. Traditional machining processes consist of turning, boring, drilling, milling, broaching, sawing, shaping, planning, reaming and tapping. In these traditional or conventional machining processes, machine tools like; lathes, milling machines, drill presses, or others, are used with a cutting tool to remove material and achieve a desired geometry (Oberg. 2004). The new technologies include; electrical discharge machining (EDM), electrochemical machining (ECM), electron beam machining (EBM), photochemical machining and ultrasonic machining etc. In current usage, the term machining usually implies the traditional machining processes that may be performed on conventional or CNC machines.
Machining is used to manufacture many metal products and further can also be used on materials such as wood, plastic, ceramic and composites. A person well versed in machining is known as a machinist. A room, building or company where machining is executed is called a machine shop. Much of modern day machining is performed out through computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers are used to monitor and control the movement or operation of the mills, lathes and other cutting machines.
1.2 Machining Operations:
The major three principal machining processes are classified as turning, drilling and milling. Other operations falling into miscellaneous category include; shaping, planning, boring, broaching and sawing (Groover, 2007). Turning operations are one that rotates the work piece against the cutting tool. Lathes are the principal machine- tool used in turning. Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit, describes a helical tool path by moving linearly while the work piece rotates. The tool's axes of movement may be literally a

PROF. BIKRAM JIT SINGH is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Department of Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala (Haryana). He is PhD. from National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra on Six Sigma and had done Masters of Engineering with distinction in Industrial Engineering from Thapar University, Patiala. He had a three year Professional Experience as a Manager in Light Alloy Foundry at FEDRAL MOGUL, INDIA (A US based Multi-National Company at Bahadurgarh, India.). He was undergone on the job training on SAP (PP-Module), QS-9000, ISO-TS 16949, SQC Tools and TPM for 2 years. He had worked as Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department for Two Years at RIMT-Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, India. He was also posted as HOD Mechanical at BBSBPC, Fatehgarh Sahib, India for One Year. He has around 15 International Journal publications along with paper presented in number of International and National Conferences. HARSIMRAN SINGH SODHI is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Distt Mohali and currently doing research in the field of machining and material science. He had done post graduate in Production Engineering from Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering and Technology, affiliated to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar. Presently, he has 5 years of experience in teaching. His research: Interest includes; machining, parametric optimization and metallurgy.