The High-Risk Fetus

1. Fetal Physiology.- 2. Normal and Abnormal Placental Development.- 3. Placental Metabolism and Regulation of Nutrient Transfer to the Fetus.- 4. Immunogenetics of Fetal Growth and Development.- 5. Genetic Causes of Spontaneous Abortion.- 6. Nongenetic Causes of Pregnancy Loss.- 7. Environmental Causes of Pregnancy Loss and Malformations.- 8. Vaginal Ultrasound Evaluation of Early Pregnancy.- 9. Genetic Counseling and Screening.- 10. Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders.- 11. Maternal Serum Screening for Detection of Fetal Abnormalities and Pregnancy Complications.- 12. Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Age and Growth.- 13. Fetal Anomalies Involving the Cardiac, Pulmonary, Gastrointestinal, and Urinary Systems.- 14. Ultrasound Examination of the Fetus: Externally Visible Body Defects.- 15. Cardiac Ultrasound: Its Role in the Recognition and Management of Fetal Heart Disease.- 16. Biophysical Evaluation of the Fetus.- 17. Biochemical Fetal Assessment.- 18. Doppler Velocimetry of Fetal and Placental Blood Flow.- 19. Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (Cordocentesis).- 20. Fetal Growth Retardation.- 21. The Fetus of the Diabetic Mother.- 22. Postterm Pregnancy.- 23. The Very Low Birth Weight Fetus.- 24. Isoimmunization and Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis.- 25. Multifetal Gestation.- 26. Breech Presentation.- 27. Maternal-Fetal Infections.- 28. Substance Abuse in Pregnancy.- 29. Medical Fetal Therapy.- 30. Surgical Fetal Therapy.- 31. Legal and Ethical Issues in Fetal Therapy.- 32. Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring.- 33. Intrauterine Fetal Resuscitation.